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| Aomori is the capital city of Aomori Prefecture, Japan. The city faces Mutsu Bay connecting Tsugaru Channel and the Hakkoda Mountains lie in the southern part of Aomori. It has the biggest seaport in the prefecture. Before Seikan Tunnel opened, Port Aomori served the city with train ferry to Hakodate in Hokkaido, and therefore the main entrance of Honshu for passengers and cargo to and from Hokkaido.
The city was officially founded on April 1, 1898. The town and port was however settled in 1626, in the early Edo period. Recently, the city merged with the former town of Namioka on April 1, 2005 to form the new city of Aomori.
Aomori literally means blue (or green) woods. The name is generally considered to refer to a small forest on a hill which existed near the town, used by fishermen as a landmark. A different theory suggests the name might have been derived from the Ainu language.
History
The area has plenty of Jomon period ruins, the most famous among them being Sannai Maruyama ruins located in the southwest of the city center, where the remains of a large wooden building was unearthed and revolutionalized Japanese archeology.
Before the early Edo period, Aomori was a small fishing village called Uto. It was settled as a seaport in 1612 by Moriyama Yashichiro, the Port Development Officer of Tsugaru han in the order of daimyo Tsugaru Nobuhira. The town name Aomori was given in that day. During the Edo period, the most important place in that area was Hirosaki, the capital of the Tsugaru han and Aomori served this area as a local seaport and trade center.
During the Meiji Restoration the han system was abolished and the prefecture system was established in July, 1871. Aomori became a part of Hirosaki prefecture, succeeding the area covered by the Tsugaru han. Due to a merger on September of that year, Hirosaki prefecture (encompassing the same area as present-day Aomori prefecture) was founded. The prefectural capital however, was moved from Hirosaki to Aomori soon after the merger and the prefecture was renamed to Aomori prefecture. Soon the 5th Infantry Regiment of the Japanese Imperial Army, and later in 1896 the 8th Division of the Japanese Imperial Army were stationed in Aomori.
In the winter of 1902, more than 200 soldiers died while trying to cross the Hakkoda Mountains during a military exercise. This exercise was a part of preparation for Russo-Japanese War and experiment of activities in severe winter environment. Today it is pointed out this failure was due to poor preparation and organisation and confusion of leadership; another party of exercise departed from Hirosaki and marched around Hakkoda Mountain counterclockwise successed in a similar exercise.
The development of the modern Aomori was due to its prefectural capital status and Seikan ferry which was run by the Ministry of Trains at the beginning and later Japanese National Railways as connection between Port Aomori and Port Hakodate in Hokkaido, hence the main transport between Honshu and Hokkaido from 1908 till 1988. Between Tokyo and Aomori, two trains lines were built: Ou Main Line connecting to Akita and Yamagata and Tohoku Main Line connecting to Morioka, Sendai and Fukushima. On the contrary Hirosaki has kept its cultural significance. Aomori is the sole prefectural capital which has no national university in Japan; in Aomori prefecture Hirosaki became the site for this educational facility.
In July 1945 the city was bombed by United States Forces.
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