| Mataiva is a coral atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelago. It is located in the Palliser group, and is the westernmost of the Tuamotus. The nearest atoll, Tikehau, is located 35 km (21 mi.) to the east. Rangiroa is located 79 km (47 mi.) to the east, and Tahiti is 311 km (195 mi.) to the south.
The atoll's oval-shaped lagoon is 5.3 km (3.2 mi.) wide and 10 km (6 mi.) long, and is almost completely surrounded by land. The coral at the bottom of the lagoon is of poor quality, much of it having been destroyed in the latter part of 1980. In the lagoon there are about 70 large basins, with depths reaching up to 10 m (35 ft.), where rich phosphate deposits have been discovered. To date, the inhabitants have successfully resisted its exploitation. The lagoon is open to the sea at a break in the northwest, the site of Pahua, the only village. The pass at Pahua is not navigable; the 110 m (360 ft.) concrete levee, which connects the two halves of the village, is the longest bridge in French Polynesia. A number of narrow passages along the south-central part of the reef are known as the "nine eyes". There are also several small islets located within the lagoon itself.
Mataiva's primary export is vanilla, cultivated at a small plantation on the interior of the island. The islands are covered with coconut palms, the source of the other main economic activity: copra production.
In the southeastern part of the main island is an ancient ceremonial platform (marae in Tuamotuan), called Marae Papiro, after its association with a pre-Christian turtle cult. It is constructed of large blocks of cut coral.
On April 14th, 1980, the voyaging canoe Hokule'a - a replica of an ancient vessel of the kind that carried native explorers throughout the Pacific - made landfall on Mataiva. The canoe had been navigated from Hawaii without instruments or charts for 31 days by Nainoa Thompson. Thompson navigated in the ancient way - using only the stars, winds, waves and flight of birds to find land. In the last 26 years Hokule'a has voyaged virtually all the routes taken by Polynesians throughout the Pacific, helping to ignite a renaissance of culture among Polynesians everywhere.
The first European to visit Mataiva was the Russian explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, on July 30, 1820.
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